INTERNASYONALISMO

WORKERS OF THE WORLD, UNITE!

Workers have no country. Their class interest have no boundaries.

July 7, 2008

The only solution to capitalist crisis is communist revolution

Walang ibang solusyon sa krisis ng kapitalismo kundi komunistang rebolusyon

Umabot na sa 11.4% ang inflation rate ng bansa noong Hunyo. Ito ang pinakamataas sa loob ng 14 na taon. Ano ang dahilan?

Ayon sa ilang diumano ‘rebolusyonaryo’: ang dahilan ay ang pagiging tuta ng rehimeng Arroyo sa imperyalistang Estados Unidos at ang ‘pananabotahe’ mismo ng rehimen sa ekonomiya para magkaroon ng ‘artipisyal’ na krisis. 

Habang totoong tuta nga ang rehimeng Arroyo (at maging ang nagdaang mga rehimen) sa imperyalistang US sa kadahilanang wala naman talagang bansa ngayon sa mundo na hindi kontrolado ng mas malakas na kapitalistang mga bansa (pro-USA o anti-USA man ang mga ito), hindi ito ang tamang paliwanag sa naranasang krisis ngayon sa Pilipinas at sa buong mundo. Kahibangan din ang propaganda ng ilang mga ‘radikal’ na ‘artipisyal’ lamang ang krisis dahil sa ‘pananabotahe’ ng kasalukuyang rehimen. Ang lohikang nasa likod nito ay walang problema sa pambansang kapitalismo basta maging ‘malaya lamang ito sa kontrol ng imperayalistang US’ o ‘mapatalsik lamang si Gloria’. Ito ay nakaangkla sa kontra-rebolusyonaryong pananaw ng ‘hakbang-hakbang’ na rebolusyon tungong sosyalismo.

Sa totoo lang, matapos ang WW 2, hindi na pang-ekonomiya ang interes ng US sa Pilipinas kundi pang-militar. Matagal ng walang silbi ang ikatlong daigdig sa usapin ng pagkamal ng tubo ng unang daigdig dahil sa masahol na kahirapang dinanas ng populasyon ng una. Ang interes na lamang ng USA sa Pilipinas ay gawin itong baseng militar para manatili ang kanyang impluwensya sa Silangang Asya lalupa’t lumalakas ang imperyalistang pagkaganid ng China at Japan dahil sa lumalalang krisis ng sistema.  

Dagdag pa, matapos mawasak ang imperyalistang bloke ng USSR at humihina ang pagiging makapangyarihang bansa ng USA, nagkanya-kanya na rin ang lahat ng mga bansa sa paghahanap ng masasandalan. Bagamat nakasandal pa rin ang Pilipinas sa lakas-militar ng USA at malaking porsyento ng kanyang eksport (17% sa total export ng Pilipinas) ay papunta pa rin sa Amerika at 32% sa direct foreign investments ay galing sa kanila, naghahanap na ang burgesyang Pilipino ng ibang malalakas na bansa para sa kalakalan. Kaya, pinalalakas ng estado ng Pilipinas ang bilateral trade agreements sa mga karibal ng Amerika gaya ng imperyalistang China at Japan. 

Totoong may krisis at palala ito. At ang krisis na ito ay pandaigdigan, nagmula mismo sa internal na mga kontradiksyon ng kapitalistang sistema na naipon mula noong katapusan ng 1960s at nagbabadyang sumabog na mas malala kaysa nakaraan.

Magmula pa 1914, ng sumabog ang WW I, nasa permanenteng krisis na ang pandaigdigang kapitalismo dahil sa kawalan ng bagong pamilihan at sa pangangailangan nitong palaging gumawa ng mga produktong maibenta sa merkado. Kaya nangyari ang dalawang pandaigdigang digmaan at ang maraming lokalisadong digmaan sa ibat-ibang sulok ng mundo dahil dito. Ang krisis sa sobrang produksyon ng kapitalismo ay naging permanente na magmula noong 20 siglo.

Ang ‘solusyon’ ng uring kapitalista sa kanilang krisis ay utang, ekonomiya para sa digmaan at higit sa lahat maksimisasyon ng pagpiga ng labis na halaga sa uring manggagawa. Subalit ang ‘solusyong’ ito ay lalo pang nagpalala sa kanyang krisis.

Kasalukuyang krisis ng kapitalismo

Kung noong krisis sa 1970s relatibong naging epektibo pa ang pagpapautang, ispekulasyon at ekonomiya para sa digmaan, ngayon ay sumabog na ito sa mukha ng kapitalismo. Ang nasabing mga solusyon ay panandalian lamang at nagdulot pa ng paglala ng krisis.

Ngayon, lubog na sa utang ang halos lahat ng mga bansa. Ang Pilipinas ay may mahigit P4 na trilyong utang habang ang Amerika ay halos $8 trilyon. Ang kasalakuyang krisis ngayon sa Amerika, na tila kasing lala noong 1929 Great Depression ay bunga ng pagkabangkota ng mga bangko dahil hindi na makabayad ang mga manggagawa sa utang. Hindi sila makabayad dahil paliit ng paliit ang kanilang sahod kumpara sa pataas ng pataas na presyo ng mga bilihin. Kaya nagkaroon ng krisis sa pagbayad-utang sa pabahay. Tuloy, naging epicentre ang USA ngayon sa naranasang krisis ng buong daigdig. Dahil ang pinaka-makapangyarihang bansa ang nasa krisis, naranasan natin ang napakalakas na lindol ng krisis sa pandaigdigang saklaw.

Ngayon, ang military-industrial complex ng bawat bansa ay lalupang nagpabigat sa samut-saring mga kontradiksyon ng sistema. Mayor na salik ito sa paglobo ng utang, pagkasira ng bilyun-bilyong ari-arian at pagkawala ng daan-daan libong buhay sa buong mundo dahil sa rehiyonal at lokalisadong mga digmaan.

Sa paghahabol na magkamal ng tubo, lalupa tuloy na lumala ang krisis; lalupang tumaas ang presyo ng mga bilihin at ng langis!. Ibig sabihin, wala ng epektibong solusyon sa krisis sa loob mismo ng kapitalismo. 

Lumalakas na panghihimasok ng estado

Dahil nasa permanenteng krisis na ang kapitalismo, nasa kanyang dekadenteng yugto na, hindi na rin epektibo ang ‘free market’ capitalism gaya ng sa 19 siglo. Ang pangunahin at huling sandalan ng pasuray-suray na sistema ay ang estado. Tanging ang pagkontrol ng estado sa buong buhay panlipunan ang huling baraha ng burgesya para manatiling nakatayo ang bulok na sistema. Ang kapitalismo ng estado ay hindi manipestasyon ng pag-unlad ng sistema kundi ekspresyon ng permanenteng krisis nito:

State capitalism is not an attempt to resolve the essential contradictions of capitalism as a system for the exploitation of labour power, but the manifestation of these contradictions. Each grouping of capitalist interests tries to deflect the effects of the crisis of the system onto a neighbouring, competing grouping, by appropriating it as a market and field for exploitation. State capitalism is born of the necessity for this grouping to carry out its concentration and to put external markets under its control. The economy is therefore transformed into a war economy.” (‘The Evolution of Capitalism and the New Perspective’, 1952, reprinted in Bulletin D’Etude et de Discussion of Revolution Internationale, no.8, p.9).

Magmula 1914 ay lumalakas ang panghihimasok ng estado sa buhay panlipunan. Ito ang tendensya ng kapitalismo ng estado (state capitalism). Lahat ng kapitalistang mga bansa ay ito ang ginagawa. Kaya nasaksihan natin ang New Deal ng Amerika noong 1920s-1930s, ang Nazism sa Germany at Fascism sa Italy, at ang ‘socialism in one country’ ng imperyalistang USSR at mga tuta nito. Lahat ng ito ay mga pagsisikap ng burgesya upang isalba ang naghihingalong sistema.

Nang muling sumabog ang krisis sa 1960s at 1970s, lumaganap ang totalitaryanismo ng estado at nasyunalisasyon ng industriya laluna sa mahihinang ekonomiya na nasa 3rd world. Kaya naging uso noon ang mga diktadura at mga industriyang pag-aari ng gobyerno. Ang paglitaw ng diktadurang Marcos ay hindi simpleng kagustuhan lamang ng paksyong Marcos para manatili sa posisyon o ng dikta ng USA. Ito mismo ang di-maiwasang tendensya ng isang sistema na nasa bingit ng kamatayan.

Ang sinasabing ‘neo-liberalismo’ o globalisasyon ay isang mistipikasyon kung ang pag-uusapan ay ang pagluwag ng panghihimasok ng estado sa ekonomiya ng lipunan. Ang Kaliwa lamang ng burgesya ang nagpropaganda nito para patuloy na ibilanggo ang uring manggagawa na ‘tagapagligtas’ ang estado basta ‘kontrolado’ lamang ito ng ‘partido ng manggagawa’ o ‘partido komunista’ o ‘partido ng bayan’.

Sa kasalukuyang krisis, hindi na maaring itago ng Kanan o Kaliwa ng burgesya ang lantarang panghihimasok ng estado para isalba ang sistema. Lahat ng mga estado ay lantaran ng nanghihimasok sa kabila ng kanilang propaganda ng liberalisasyon, pribatisasyon at deregulasyon. Ang Kaliwa naman ay nagprotesta hindi dahil sa panghihimasok ng estado kundi ‘hindi sapat’ ang panghihimasok at ‘wala sa tamang direksyon’.

Subalit, ang patuloy na itinatago ng burgesya – Kanan man o Kaliwa – ay ang katotohanan na matagal ng palpak ang kapitalismo ng estado: bumagsak ang bloke ng imperyalismong USSR. Ang mga estado-kapitalistang mga rehimen gaya ng China, Vietnam, Cuba, Venezuela at North Korea ay hindi nakaligtas sa pananalasa ng krisis ng pandaigdigang kapital. Binabawi o binabawasan na ng mga ‘welfare states’ ng mga kapitalistang bansa sa Europe ang kanilang ‘tulong’ sa manggagawa mula sa pension, health, edukasyon at iba pa. 

Higit sa lahat, halos lahat ng mga kapitalistang estado ngayon laluna ang Pilipinas ay lubog sa utang at nabubuhay na lang sa pangungutang!

Kaya ang subsidyo ng rehimeng Arroyo sa kuryente, bigas at iba pa ay napakalimitado at panandalian lamang dahil ang estado mismo ay walang sapat na pera at mula pa sa utang ang malaking bahagi ng perang ginagamit! Subalit pansamantala naman nitong naibalik sa utak ng naghihirap na masa na ang estado ang ‘tagapagligtas’ nila bagay na hindi tinutuligsa ng Kaliwa, bagkus ay sinuportahan pa sa mas ‘radikal’ na lenggwahe.

Iniisip ng burgesyang Pilipino ngayon na kunin at direktang kontrolin ng estado ang MERALCO at maging ang Sulpicio Lines matapos malunod ang barkong nitong M/V Princess of the Stars. Ibig sabihin, nag-iisip ang burgesya ng nasyunalisasyon para muling tangkaing isalba ang bansa mula sa krisis. Ang mga pahayag ng rehimeng Arroyo hinggil dito ay pamumulso nito kung makukuha ba nito ang bendisyon ng buong uring burgesya. 

Subalit tila ayaw ng Kaliwa na ang paksyong Gloria ang kokontrol sa isang sentralisadong estado at ang Kanan naman ay natatakot sa muling pagbabalik ng ganap na pagkontrol ng estado sa ekonomiya. Subalit, itutulak ang buong uring kapitalista tungo sa kapitalismo ng estado para pansamantalang mapigilan ang maagang pagsabog ng sistema. Kung mas lalala pa ang krisis bago ang eleksyong sa 2010, mapilitan ang burgesyang Pilipino na palitan ang paksyong Arroyo ng isang paksyon na may ‘popular’ na suporta para ipatupad ang ganap na panghihimasok ng estado sa ekonomiya. At tiyak, ang nasa isip ng burgesya ngayon ay ang Kaliwa o koalisyon ng Kanan at Kaliwa pero dominado ng huli (gaya ng modelo sa Central at Latin America) na matagal ng naglalaway na makahawak sa estadong kapitalista.

Ang pangkalahatang estratehiya ng pandaigdigang burgesya ay: kung mahina ang militante at independyenteng kilusang manggagawa, gagamitin nito ang Kanan upang patindihin ang atake laban sa uring anakpawis. Kung sumusulong ang kilusang proletaryo, gagamitin nito ang Kaliwa, upang pigilan ang pagsulong at hadlangan ang uri na maagaw ang kapangyarihan at madurog ang kapitalistang estado. Gagamitin ng Kanan at Kaliwa ang nasyunalismo at demokrasya para panatilin ang diktadura ng uring kapitalista.

Komunistang rebolusyon

Kanan o Kaliwa man ng burgesya ang hahawak sa estado ng Pilipinas; idaan man ito sa ‘popular’ na pag-aalsa o eleksyon, hindi na nito maampat pa ang super-typhoon na pananalasa ng krisis ng sistema. Ang kapitalismo ng estado ay tiyak (tulad ng nangyari sa USSR at iba pang bansa na hawak ng Kaliwa sa nakaraan) na patindihin ang pagsasamantala sa manggagawa at maralitang Pilipino gamit ang ‘nasyunalismo’ at ‘pagmamahal sa bayan’ para sa pambansang kapitalismo. Pero, hindi maaring makaligtas ang pambansang kapitalismo ng Pilipinas dahil nakapaloob at bahagi ito sa nalulunod na barko ng pandaigdigang kapitalismo.

Ang rehimeng kapitalismo ng estado kahit pa ang maskara nito ay ‘sosyalismo’ o ‘demokrasyang bayan’ ay mabubuhay lamang sa ibabaw ng naghihirap na mamamayan.

Dahil pandaigdigan ang krisis ng kapitalismo at walang bansa na makaligtas dito, pandaigdigan din ang rebolusyon na gagawin ng uring manggagawa para wakasan ang kahirapan. Ang krisis ng pandaigdigang kapitalismo ay makikita at mararamdanan sa bawat bansa. Subalit, ang kalutasan nito ay wala sa bawat bansa na hiwa-hiwalay sa isa’t-isa. 

Hindi ang kapitalismo ng estado at nasyunalisasyon o ang panghihimasok nito sa pagpapatakbo sa ekonomiya ng lipunan ang daan tungo sa kalayaan mula sa kahirapan kundi ang PAGDUROG mismo sa umiiral na kapitalistang mga relasyon sa lipunan. Komunistang rebolusyon ng manggagawa ang tanging solusyon sa krisis ng kapitalismo. Lalaya lamang ang uri mula sa pang-aalipin at pagsasamantala pagkatapos nitong maagaw ang kapangyarihang pampulitika – ang pagtatayo ng diktadura ng proletaryado.

May 5, 2008

Oppression of Women

Filed under: Politics, Perspectives

Ang Pang-aapi sa Kababaihan

Ang paninidigan ng marxismo sa kababaihan ay nakabatay sa makauring tunggalian sa lipunan. Malinaw ito sa teksto ni Engels na sinulat noong 1887, “The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State” at sa sinulat ni Bebel noong 1891, “Woman and Socialism”. Ang solusyon ng usapin ng kababaihan ay nasa solusyon paano wakasan ang makauring tunggalian, ibig sabihin paano at sa anong kondisyon mapawi ang mga uri sa lipunan – ang pagtatayo ng komunistang lipunan.

Para sa karagdagang pag-unawa, inanyayahan namin ang mga marxistang mambabasa na basahin ang mga links na ito:

Ang usapin ng kababaihan sa panahon ng dekadenteng kapitalismo

Sa panahon ng dekadenteng kapitalismo lalong lumala ang pang-aapi sa kababaihan. Subalit dapat bang “lumahok at pamunuan” ng rebolusyonaryong minorya ang naglitawang parang kabute na mga “kilusan para sa pagpapalaya sa kababaihan” na nagsimula noong 1960s?

Sa panahon ng dekadenteng kapitalismo, nasa agenda na ng kilusang manggagawa ang pagdurog sa estado at pagtatayo ng diktadura ng proletaryado sa pandaigdigang saklaw. Ito ang tanging programa na akma sa kasalukuyan. At dito dapat nakabatay ang usapin ng kababaihan at hindi sa kanilang “sektoral” at inter-classist na mga kahilingan sa loob ng kapitalistang sistema.

Ang iba’t-ibang organisasyon ng Kaliwa – maoista, stalinista, trotskyista at maging anarkista – ay nag-oorganisa at naglunsad ng mga kampanya para sa “sektoral” o isyung pangkababaihan lamang gaya ng isyu sa aborsyon, prostitusyon, battered women, kasal, at iba pa. Kabilang na dito ang “kilusan ng mga homosexual”. Humihiling sila sa kapitalistang estado na bigyang halaga ang mga problemang ito ng kababaihan at homesexual. Pinagbigyan naman sila ng burgesya. Subalit para sa Kaliwa, ang mga ito ay di-sapat at may “magagawa pa ang estado at sistema pero wala lang political will”.   

Ito ang pangkalahatang linya ng Kaliwa para “mapalahok” ang kababaihan sa rebolusyon. Ang linyang ito ay nakaangkla sa paniniwalang may kapasidad pa ang naaagnas na sistema na magbigay ng makabuluhang mga reporma gaya noong 19 siglo.

Subalit para sa Marxismo, sa panahon ng dekadenteng kapitalismo, walang maibigay ang sistema liban sa lalupang pagpapalala sa aping kalagayan ng kababaihan dahil kailangan ng naghihingalong sistema na patindihin ang pagsasamantala sa uring manggagawa para patuloy na makahinga.

Ganun pa man, tuwang-tuwang ang burgesya sa mga “kilusan ng pagpapalaya sa kababaihan” dahil ang mga kahilingan nila ay hindi para ibagsak ang kapitalismo kundi para repormahin ito, para pabanguhin sa mata ng malawak na masang proletaryo. Kaya naman, maraming mga debate at diskusyon at maging mga batas hinggil sa aborsyon, prostitusyon, gay marrtiage at iba pa na sinalihan mismo ng mga burges na “maka-kababaihan.”

Sa ganitong punto nanindigan kami na ang mga “kilusang” ito ay naglalayong ipako ang isyu sa pagitan ng kasarian, demokratikong karapatan, burges na pagkapantay-pantay at higit sa lahat, hatiin ang kilusang manggagawa. Para sa amin, ang tanging solusyon sa mga problema ng kababaihan ay ang paglakas ng kilusang manggagawa at komunistang rebolusyon.

Ang tungkulin ng mga rebolusyonaryong minorya ay mamulat at magkaisa ang malawak na masa – lalaki, babae, o homoseksuwal – bilang mga manggagawa, bilang isang uri laban sa kapitalismo. At ang mga isyu na maaring makapag-isa sa kanila ay ang mga isyu bilang inaapi at pinagsamantalahang manggagawa – sahod, trabaho, pension, at iba pa. Mga isyu na direktang umaatake sa burges na estado at kapitalistang mga relasyon. Ang dapat linangin ng mga komunista ay isang malakas na kilusang manggagawa anuman ang kanyang kasarian, kulay, nasyunalidad o relihiyon.

Sa madaling sabi, ang sentralidad ng kilusang manggagawa at hindi ang mga sektoral na kilusan na walang idudulot kundi hati-hatiin lamang ang uri. Wala itong kaibahan sa “kilusan ng mga kontraktwal”, “kilusan ng may-kapansanan”, “kilusan ng immigrants”, at iba pa at kaakibat na mga permanenteng organisasyon na walang ibinunga kundi pagkahati-hati at pagpapahina sa kilusang proletaryo.

Ang unitaryong organisasyon ng mga manggagawa – asembliya at konseho – ay umaangkop sa sentralidad ng pagpapalakas ng independyenteng kilusan ng manggagawa.

Hangga’t hindi naunawaan ang pundamental na pagbabago ng kapitalismo mula 19 siglo – mula pasulong tungo sa dekadenteng kapitalismo — at ang nasa agenda ng kilusang manggagawa – mula pakikibaka para sa reporma tungo sa pag-agaw ng kapangyarihang pampulitika, hindi maunawaan na wala ng silbi ang mga sektoral at parsyal na kahilingan sa loob ng kapitalismo.

Lalaya lamang ang kababaihan kung lalaya ang uring manggagawa mula sa kapital. Ibig sabihin, lalaya lamang ang kababaihan kung madurog ang kapitalismo at maitayo ang komunismo.

  

May 2, 2008

In Defence of Russian Revolution

In defence of the Russian Revolution, internationalism is not negotiable

Ninety years on from 1917 we are publishing an extract of correspondence on the degeneration of the Russian revolution. An essential part of our defence of the Russian revolution is to draw a clear class line between the revolution and the Stalinist counter-revolution which abandoned the internationalism that the Bolsheviks had based themselves on. This line has already been drawn in blood by the counter-revolution through the massacre of Bolsheviks in the Stalinist camps.

We are publishing here only an extract of the much longer correspondence from our reader, sent to us at the end of last year, which tries to take position on the ICC’s basic positions to provide a basis for discussion, taking up the issues that we felt were most important to reply to.



Dear Comrades

Please find below my comments and observations on the Basic Positions defended by the ICC:

The International Communist Current defends the following political positions:

* Since the First World War, capitalism has been a decadent social system. It has twice plunged humanity into a barbaric cycle of crisis, world war, reconstruction and new crisis. In the 1980s, it entered into the final phase of this decadence, the phase of decomposition. There is only one alternative offered by this irreversible historical decline: socialism or barbarism, world communist revolution or the destruction of humanity.

I agree that capitalism has been decadent since the turn of the 20th century and this placed the possibility and need for world socialist revolution on the agenda. I agree that capitalism cannot go on for ever and in the absence of revolution it has started to enter decomposition which starts to erode the materialist basis for proletarian revolution. I agree with the urgent need for world proletarian revolution.

I do not understand nor necessarily agree that decomposition is in some way linked with the collapse of the regimes in eastern Europe and Russia in 1989-91. How? Why? Also, you are opposed to ‘stalinism’, but at the same time you see the collapse of ‘stalinism’ as representing a major defeat for the working class, from which its combativity is only just re-emerging. How can the collapse of something you regard as anti working class represent a defeat for the working class?

* The Paris Commune of 1971 was the first attempt by the proletariat to carry out this revolution, in a period when the conditions for it were not yet ripe. Once these conditions had been provided by the onset of capitalist decadence, the October revolution in 1917 in Russia was the first step towards an authentic world communist revolution in an international revolutionary wave which put an end to the imperialist war and went on for several years after that. The failure of this revolutionary wave, particularly in Germany in 1919-23, condemned the revolution in Russia to isolation and to a rapid degeneration. Stalinism was not the product of the Russian revolution, but its gravedigger.

I agree the Paris Commune was the first proletarian revolution and that it established a workers’ state, the form and content of which was highly valuable and instructive. I agree the 1917 Revolution was the second major attempt at a proletarian revolution. I agree the failure of the revolutionary wave condemned the regime in Russia to isolation.

I disagree with the statement after ‘isolation’. The regime was the product of the 1917 proletarian revolution and the circumstances in which it found itself. There were three broad choices: the ultra left revolutionary catastrophist variant whereby an isolated proletarian bastion would be overwhelmed by internal and external factors; the rightist accommodation whereby capitalism would be encouraged rather than suppressed in Russia, given the conditions for socialism were ‘premature’; a ‘centrist’ policy whereby the proletarian party and leadership ‘did what it could’ to establish and defend a proletarian state and economy in almost impossible circumstances. What would you have done? What should the regime have done? Give up via choices one and two?

I agree the result was the creation of a ruling and privileged caste which became divorced from the masses and in effect became a ruling class. But I believe this was born from a proletarian core leadership which was determined to try and build what it could of a socialist state and economy in the absence of world revolution, or at least revolution in the ‘advanced’ capitalist countries. Socialism in one country is of course not sustainable long term, hence the accommodation of successive leaderships to world capitalism through the adoption of capitalist economic policies and methods, which ultimately undermined whatever socialist bases had been created and ultimately led to their rapid collapse.

It seems to me that if you support the 1917 Revolution as proletarian, you have to have a view as to what the post 1917 regime should have done given the reality of the situation and the fact that it was born of the proletarian revolution. If, at a certain point, you would (with the benefit of hindsight) withdraw support for the regime (when?), you must be able to identify what alternatively the regime should have done to merit continued support.

* The statified regimes which arose in the USSR, eastern Europe, China, Cuba etc and were called ‘socialist’ or ‘communist’ were just a particularly brutal form of the universal tendency towards state capitalism, itself a major characteristic of the period of decadence.

Not sure I can agree. My interpretation is that they were the product of the 1917 revolution and the attempt to build socialism in Russia in the 1930s via collectivisation and industrialisation. I am not sure I even hold they reverted to capitalism as such. From the mid 1950s, all the regimes increasingly adopted capitalist methods and economic policies which undermined the state ownership of productive resources and led ultimately to the collapse and sweeping away of those regimes 1989-91.

To equate them with the tendency towards state capitalism in the ‘advanced’ capitalist countries seems to be comparing apples with pears. They would not have collapsed so easily and completely in 1989-91 if they were simply a different version of what prevails in the West.

* Since the beginning of the 20th century, all wars are imperialist wars… The working class can only respond to them through its international solidarity and by struggling against the bourgeoisie in all countries.

* All the nationalist ideologies - ‘national independence’, ‘the right of nations to self-determination’ etc - whatever their pretext, ethnic, historical or religious, are a real poison for the workers. By calling on them to take the side of one or another faction of the bourgeoisie, they divide workers and lead them to massacre each other in the interests and wars of their exploiters.

Totally agree with both. We are members of a world working class and have no interest whatsoever with the killing of fellow workers anywhere, let alone on behalf of our class enemies in the bourgeoisie….

I hope this letter is useful in setting out ‘where I am coming from’ and that it may provide a basis for further discussion and clarity.

All best wishes, A



Our reply

Dear Comrade A,

We were very glad to get the recent two letters you sent responding clearly and honestly to our basic positions in the attempt to develop a political discussion between us. We are very glad that you see the ICC and the tradition of the Communist Left as a reference point for revolutionary politics today. This reply is intended to continue this process even though we won’t be able to take up all the points you make. We were struck in both letters by your clear denunciation of nationalism in concert with our own intransigence on this question.  You agree for example in your November letter with our editorial in IR 127: ‘imperialism is the natural policy carried out by a national state or organisation that functions as a national state. …The more the workers are sucked into nationalism, the more they lose their ability to act as a class‘. And again in your commentary on our basic positions from December you totally agree with the following point: ‘All the nationalist ideologies - ‘national independence’, ‘ the right of nations to self determination’ etc - whatever their pretext, ethnic, historical or religious, are a real poison for the workers. By calling on them to take the side of one or another faction of the bourgeoisie, they divide workers and lead them to massacre each other in the interests and wars of their exploiters‘. As you say on this point: we are members of a world working class and have no interest whatsoever with the killing of fellow workers anywhere let alone on behalf of our class enemies in the bourgeoisie.

We were therefore surprised to see that you disagreed with the formulation in the section in the basic principles on the Russian Revolution to the effect that the isolation of the revolution led to its rapid degeneration and that Stalinism was not the product of the Russian Revolution but its grave digger. You believe instead that the Stalinist regime was in continuity with October, and despite all its weaknesses did what it could to preserve its gains in almost impossible circumstances; there was no other realistic alternative. But ’socialism in one country’, the banner of Stalinism, was only one more variety of ‘all the nationalist ideologies’ that you join us in denouncing in our basic positions. It buried the internationalist promise of the October Revolution and led the workers, on the basis of this variety of nationalism, into the fratricide of World War 2 - ‘the great patriotic war’ according to Stalin.

We think there is an important contradiction here that needs explanation.  There is surely a deep inconsistency between defending internationalism intransigently on the one hand and on the other hand taking the poison of nationalism when it is served up with a ’socialist’ sweetener. The October revolution was conceived by the Bolsheviks and the Marxist left as a product of an international ripeness of the conditions for a proletarian revolution. The Russian bastion of 1917 could only therefore be a stepping stone to the world revolution. This position was entirely consistent with the revolutionary marxist claim since 1847 (Engels: Principles of Communism) that socialism as a new mode of production and society was impossible in a single country and was only possible after the defeat of capitalism on a world scale. In contrast, the increasing sabotage of the world revolution by the Stalinist regime in the twenties (Germany 1923, Britain 1926, China 1928, etc) helped turn the Communist International into the spearhead of Russian national and imperialist interests. In the thirties this counter revolutionary process was completed when Russia joined the League of Nations and entered into the inter-imperialist manoeuvring that led to the massacres in Spain and those of 1939-45.What else could be done in this situation?

You say in your December letter that you very much welcome  the continuity between  the ICC and ‘left fractions which detached themselves from the degenerating Third International in the years 1920-30, in particular the German, Dutch and Italian Lefts‘ as it says in our basic positions. But these lefts were the most intransigents opponents of Stalinism. They were part of the internationalist oppositions to the counter-revolutionary nationalist orientation policy in the International and its constituent parties. These oppositions were eventually expelled and often physically liquidated by the Stalinist regime. Rather than preserving this real proletarian core of the revolution, patriotic Stalinism obliterated it, especially its most dedicated internationalist fighters - and had to - since all trace of internationalism had to be removed in the nationalist march to imperialist war. Certainly at a certain stage after the Russian revolution, the world revolutionary upsurge went into reverse and the internationalists became more and more isolated - an isolation that lasted for decades. But surely we can’t therefore identify with the counter-revolution because at the time it was more ‘realistic’ than revolution. Internationalism is not one of several options but the only one in all circumstances - favourable and unfavourable - for the working class because it alone defines its common interests as a class and its perspective of communism. In a historic sense, internationalism is the only realistic option. In pointing out what we see as the inconsistencies in your commentaries on the ICC basic principles we aren’t point-scoring but making the effort with you to arrive at a revolutionary, internationalist coherence. We hoping to continue the discussion at our forthcoming Public Forum… WR, 3/11/07.

April 30, 2008

Labor Day Statement

Diwa ng Mayo Uno: MAGKAISA AT MAKIBAKA LABAN SA KAPITALISMO!

Dineklara ng lahat ng manggagawa sa mundo ang Mayo Uno bilang Internasyunal na Araw ng Paggawa. Isa lamang ang ibig sabihin nito: Ang mga manggagawa ay isang internasyunal na uri at pareho ang mga interes at pinaglalaban kahit saang bansa man sila. Iisa lamang ang kaaway ng mga manggagawa sa buong mundo – ang uring kapitalista at ang bulok na sistema nito.

Subalit hindi pagbubunyi ang ginagawa ngayon ng naghihirap na mga manggagawa sa kanilang Internasyunal na Araw kundi mga kilusang protesta. Nagdurusa ang mga manggagawa, sa mga atrasadong bansa man gaya ng Pilipinas o sa mga abanteng bansa gaya ng Amerika sa mataas na presyo ng mga batayang bilihin laluna ng bigas, mababang sahod, di-makataong kalagayan ng trabaho, walang katiyakan ng trabaho, pagkalubog sa utang, kawalan ng permanenteng tirahan at marami pang iba.

Daang libong mga manggagawa ang nagwelga sa France, Germany, Amerika, Britain, Greece, Bangladesh, Egypt, Dubai at iba pang bansa laban sa mga atake ng kapital sa kanilang pamumuhay mula 2003. Malawak na mga welga ang sagot ng mga manggagawa laban sa krisis ng kapitalismo. Sa mga welgang ito temporaryong napahinto ng mga manggagawa ang mga atake ng kapital at nakamit ng masang anakpawis ang ilang mga temporaryong tagumpay.

Ang kalagayan ng manggagawang Pilipino

Magkatulad ang kalagayan at kahirapang naranasan ng manggagawang Pilipino at ng kanilang mga kapatid na manggagawa sa ibang mga bansa. Isang malaking KASINUNGALINGAN ang propaganda ng mga kapitalista at ng gobyerno na magkaiba daw ang kalagayan ng mga manggagawa sa Pilipinas at sa ibang mga bansa laluna sa mga abanteng bansa gaya ng Amerika. Sapat na ang mga karanasan ng ating OFWs at ng mga welga mismo sa naturang mga bansa para makita natin ang katotohanan mula sa kasinungalingan.

Subalit maraming hadlang sa pag-unlad ng pakikibaka ng manggagawang Pilipino na nagbunga ng demoralisasyon at kawalang tiwala sa lakas ng sariling pagkakaisa.

Ano ang mga hadlang sa pag-unlad ng pakikibaka ng manggagawang Pilipino?

Una, pag-asa na mayroong “tagapagligtas” sa kanila mula sa kahirapan at pang-aapi ng kapitalista at ng gobyerno. Ang inaasahan nila ay ang mga unyon, mga abogado, mga relihiyoso, panggitnang uri, mga politiko at mga elektoral na partido. Ang iba ay umaasa sa mga armadong gerilya at mga rebeldeng militar.

Pangalawa, paniniwala na ang pagkatalo at kabiguan ay isang “tagumpay”. Ang mga pangako at panlilinlang ng kapitalista at gobyerno ay iniisip na “tagumpay”. Ang settlement ng DOLE at NLRC ay pinaniwalaang “tagumpay ng pakikibaka”. Ang malaking perang binayad ng management bilang separation pay ay iniisip  na “tagumpay” ng mga kaso sa NLRC at DOLE.

Pangatlo, pag-iisip na walang magandang ibubunga ang paglaban sa kapitalista at gobyerno dahil siguradong talo pa rin. Kaya mabuti pang tiisin ang kahirapan at patayin ang katawan sa trabaho para lalaki ang kita. Pag-iisip na walang magagawa ang pagkakaisa at mabuti pang magkanya-kanya ng paghahanp-buhay. 

Dalawang hakbang tungo sa tagumpay ng pakikibaka

Ang unang hakbang tungo sa tagumpay ng pakikibaka ay hawakan mismo ng mga manggagawa ang pagsusuri sa kanilang kalagayan at ang pagdesisyon kung ano ang dapat gawin at HINDI aasa sa mga “tagapgligtas”. Ang kongkretong ekspresyon nito ay ang mga ASEMBLIYA o malawak na pulong ng mga manggagawa — hindi lang sa loob ng pabrika kundi ng iba’t-ibang pabrika para mag-usap, magdiskusyon at magdebate hanggang makamit ang kolektibong pagkakaisa kung ano ang dapat gawin. Pero magagawa lamang ito kung independyente ang mga ASEMBLIYA mula sa kontrol ng anumang tipo ng unyon o elektoral na partido. Hinati-hati at pinahihina lamang ng mga unyon at elektoral na partido ang ating pagkakaisa.  

Ang mga ASEMBLIYA ng lahat ng manggagawa (dadaluhan ng mga regular, kontraktwal, unyonista at di-unyonista, empleyado ng publiko o pribadong empresa, walang trabaho, at mga indibidwal na totoong tumindig para sa interes ng manggagawa) ang epektibong organisasyon ng pakikibaka laban sa pagsasamantala ng mga kapitalista at ng gobyerno sa kasalukuyang panahon at hindi ang mga unyon at elektoral na partido.

Ang mga ASEMBLIYA ng manggagawa ng iba’t-ibang pabrika ang tunay na ekspresyon ng pagkakaisa. Kung hindi pa kakayanin ang mga asembliya ay maaring magsimula sa mga grupo ng diskusyon at talakayan upang pag-usapan at suriin ang kalagayan at karanasan sa loob ng pagawaan.

Dapat nating muling isabuhay ang kasabihan na napatunayang wasto sa mahigit 200 taon na pakikibaka ng manggagawa sa buong mundo: ANG EMANSIPASYON NG MGA MANGGAGAWA AY NASA PAGKAKAISA MISMO NG MGA MANGGAGAWA.

Ang pangalawang hakbang tungo sa tagumpay ng pakikibaka ay ang pagtanggap sa katotohanan na WALANG maibigay na matagalang kagalingan ang kapitalistang gobyerno at sistema para sa mga manggagawa hawak man ito ng administarsyon o oposisyon, ng Kanan o Kaliwa ng burgesya. Ang tanging maibigay lamang nila ay panlilinlang at mga pangakong hindi matutupad, ibayong pang-aapi, pagdurusa at kahirapan. Nasa permanenteng krisis na ang kapitalismo at para makahinga pa ito, kailangan nitong ilublob tayo sa kahirapan. WALANG MAAASAHAN SA GOBYERNO. Para makaraos sa kahirapan, kailangang magkaisa at lumaban ang mga manggagawa sa buong daigdig.

INTERNASYONALISMO
Mayo 1, 2008

Contact us: internasyonalismo@yahoo.com

April 26, 2008

World Food Crisis

Filed under: Perspectives

Pandaigdigang Krisis ng Pagkain: Bunga ng Naghihingalong Pandaigdigang Sistema

Hindi na maaring itago at napilitang aminin ng mga estado at internasyunal na institusyon gaya ng International Monetary Fund at United Nations na merong pandaigdigang krisis sa pagkain. Subalit nagsisikap pa rin ang burgesya na pakalmahin ang masa at ipakitang “under control” pa rin nila ang krisis ng kanilang sistema.

Ang pandaigdigang krisis ng pagkain ay hindi maiwasang resulta ng permanenteng pandaigdigang krisis ng kapitalismo magmula pa noong huling bahagi ng dekada 60 at sinindihan ngayon ng malalim na resesyon sa Amerika. Dahil sa paghahanap ng mga produktong madaling mabili sa pamilihan at malaki ang tubo, binabago ng mga kapitalista ang prayoridad sa mga produktong agrikultural (hal, asukal, rubber, atbp) hindi pa kasama dito ang pagkasira sa lupa sa pamamagitan ng paggamit ng chemical fertilizers, ang lumalalang polusyon bunga ng walang pakundangang kompetisyon sa industriyal na produksyon na nakaapekto sa klima at agrikultura at marami pang iba. Isa din sa salik dito ang batas ng kapitalismo na nagmula sa pagkagahaman sa tubo – ang law of supply and demand na dinidikta ng batas ng pamilihan. Mayor na salik din ang pagtaas ng presyo ng mga kagamitang pansakahan at gastos sa transportasyon na itinutulak ng patuloy na pagtaas ng presyo ng gasolina. Sa madaling sabi, ang krisis ng pagkain ay bunga ng samut-saring krisis ng sistema na naiipon sa loob ng ilang dekada.

Katunayan, sa kalagayan ngayon ng naghihingalong sistema, ang ibig sabihin ng “normal” na sitwasyon ay mas malala kaysa sa nakaraang taon. Halimbawa, kung “manormalisa” man ang presyo ng bigas, tiyak mas mataas na ito sa nakaraan. Ganun din sa gasolina at maging sa lahat ng batayang pangangailangan ng populasyon.

Nahubaran din ang maka-kapitalistang ideolohiya ng mga anti-globalisasyon na“isinusuko” na diumano ng mga estado sa mga pribadong kapitalista ang pagpapatakbo sa pandaigdigang ekonomiya. Maliwanag pa sa sikat ng araw kung paano pinangunahan at aktibong pinakialaman ng mga estado ang pagsisikap na isalba ang kasalukuyang krisis. Kaya, makikita natin ang nangunguna at aktibong interbensyon ng mga ito sa krisis sa bigas. Patunay lamang ito na ang estado pa rin ang tanging may kontrol sa takbo ng kapitalistang lipunan at pangunahing kaaway ng uring manggagawa, kontrolado man ito ng Kanan o Kaliwa ng burgesya.

Tuloy-tuloy ang mga atake ng kapital sa pamumuhay ng uring manggagawa sa buong mundo. Pinipilit ng estado ang uring naghihirap na dagdagan pa ang pasanin na pagdurusa para lamang maisalba ang bulok na sistema. Kakutsaba ng estado ang Kaliwa ng burgesya para lasunin ang kaisipan ng mga manggagawa na “tanging ang estado” lamang ang makapagligtas sa masang api mula sa kahirapang kagagawan mismo ng sistemang pinagtanggol nito. Pangunahing linya ngayon ng iba’t-ibang grupo ng Kaliwa na dagdagan pa ang panghihimasok at kontrol ng estado para maisalba ang bulok na sistema. Sa anyo ng pagiging “radikal”, “kinudena” ng Kaliwa ang matamlay na panghihimasok ng kapitalistang estado sa kasalukuyang krisis ng sistema at tila humihiling sila ng abosulotong kontrol ng estado sa buong lipunan. Tila nagyayabang pa ang Kaliwa na kung sila ang nasa kapangyarihan titiyakin nila na absoluto ang kontrol ng estado sa buong populasyon gaya ng nangyayari ngayon sa China, Vietnam, Cuba, Venezuela at iba pang mga bansa na ang sistema ay kapitalismo ng estado.

Walang solusyon na krisis sa loob ng kapitalistang sistema

Kapwa ang Kanan at Kaliwa ng burgesya ay nagtutulungan na itago sa malawak na masang anakpawis ang katotohanan na wala ng solusyon ang kasalukuyang krisis sa loob ng sistema.  Nasa rurok na ang kontradiksyon sa pagitan ng mga pwersa at relasyon ng produksyon. Ganap ng hadlang ang huli sa pag-unlad ng una. Dahil dito, ang bawat temporaryong solusyon na mahanap ng burgesya sa kaniyang krisis ay magbunga lamang ng mas malalim at malalang krisis at pagkasira ng kalikasan. Ang bawat “epektibong” solusyon ng estado ay nagkahulugan ng mas mabigat na pasanin na kahirapan at paghihikahos ng malawak na masang anakpawis.

Kahit pa maging absoluto ang kontrol ng estado sa buhay pang-ekonomiya ng lipunan, patuloy na lalala ang krisis na bunga ng pagkasaid ng pandaigdigang pamilihan at permanenteng kawalan ng kapasidad ng populasyon na bilhin ang labis-labis na mga produkto ng sistemang nabubuhay sa matinding kompetisyon at tubo. Napatunayan na sa kasaysayan na ang kapitalismo ng estado ay bunga ng matinding krisis ng pandaigdigang kapitalismo at bumagsak ang mga ito sa USSR at Eastern Europe noong 1990s.

Tanging solusyon sa krisis

Ang tanging solusyon sa krisis ay wala sa estado at sa loob ng sistemang kapitalismo kundi nasa labas nito. Ibig sabihin, kailangang ibagsak ang estado at durugin ang kapitalismo. Masolusyunan lamang ang krisis sa pamamagitang ng sosyalisasyon ng pag-aari ng mga kagamitan ng produksyon sa pandaigdigang saklaw. Ang unang hakbang para dito ay hawakan ng uring manggagawa ang kapangyarihan sa pamamagitan ng kanilang mga ASEMBLIYA.   

Subalit hindi ito mangyari kung hindi magkaisa ang malawak na uring manggagawa para tutulan at labanan ang mga atake ng kapital sa kanilang pamumuhay. Dapat maunawaan ng milyun-milyong manggagawa na ang kalayaan mula sa kahirapan ay wala sa estado kundi nasa kanilang mga kamay mismo, sa kanilang makauring pagkakaisa sa loob ng mga ASEMBLIYA na lalahukan ng lahat ng tipo ng manggagawa na nasa pampubliko at pribadong mga empresa.

Ang makauring pagkakaisa at sama-samang pagkilos ang tanging rekisito para makamit ang tunay na pagbabago sa lipunan. Ang pagkakaisa at sama-samang pagkilos na ito ay hindi na sa pamumuno ng mga unyon at elektoral na partido kundi nasa pamumuno na ng mga ASEMBLIYA ng mga manggagawa.

Mga kapatid na manggagawa, may solusyon sa krisis. At ang solusyon ay nasa labas ng kapitalismo at nasa ating mga kamay! Muli tayong magtiwala sa sariling lakas ng ating pagkakaisa! Lagpasan natin ang mga balakid na hinaharang ng mga unyon at elektoral na partido! Gawin nating inspirasyon at halawan ng aral ang malawakang pagkakaisa at mga welga ng ating mga kapatid na manggagawa sa Amerika, France, Germany, Britain, Egypt, Bangladesh, Greece, Dubai  at iba pang bansa.

Benjie, April 25, 2008

March 19, 2008

The heart of all methods of struggle

Pickets, occupations, blockades: the search for extension and solidarity must be at the heart of all methods of struggle

Last autumn, at the height of the movement against the law on the ‘Liberties and Responsibilities of Universities’(1), 36 universities were ‘disrupted’ (in the journalists’ terminology) by picket lines, blockades or occupations. These methods have often provoked long and passionate debates inside the general assemblies. (GAs). Let’s leave to one side the groups who oppose any ‘disruptions’ to the colleges, and who actually support the planned reforms of the government, in the name of sacrosanct ‘individual liberty’ and the ‘student rights’. Much more interesting for us are the discussions between the students who won’t accept the attacks without putting up a fight and who are trying collectively to decide the best methods of the struggle for them. Blockading the college? Totally? With picket lines? Do we turn it into an occupation?

These questions aren’t just a matter for young people and students. As struggles develop, the same questions are posed more and more by the whole working class: how do we conduct our struggles? Do we need a picket? What kind of picket? Should we occupy the factory?

We won’t pretend we can answer all these questions with a ready-made, magic recipe applicable to every new case of struggle, with its particular conditions and the choices it has to make! But by examining examples of blockading and occupation, we can better understand that it is absolutely necessary to extend the strike and, on the other hand, show how isolation is always a death trap.

Unity and solidarity are the main concern of the students

In the movement against the CPE in the spring of 2006, the issue that was omnipresent was the blockade. Indeed this type of movement depends on some disruption to the smooth running of the universities. If students don’t attend lectures - even on a large scale - would anybody be bothered? Would anyone worry if the lecture theatres were empty? Probably not, not even senior lecturers!

However, over and above this simple imperative, in the blockades of the colleges in 2006 and in 2007, some students expressed a profound sense of solidarity and need for unity: "We are not blockading the university for the fun of it or because we are bored with our studies! The strike is the best way for us to make ourselves heard. Striking breaks the accepted logic of work and allows us all time to organise ourselves together democratically. But if the strike is not to be an isolated action carried out by a small group of people, the blockade is quite important. It enables everyone to miss lectures and hence to find time to join in the mobilisation. In addition, the blockade lets students escape from the pressures of their studies or their exams and actively participate in the movement without being penalised for it. The blockade is the democratic means that makes it possible for everyone to get involved!" (Read the blog: http://antilru.canalblog.com/archives/le_blocage/index.html). For example, by preventing lectures from taking place, grant-holding students are able to participate in the GAs and the demonstrations without worrying that their grants will be withheld for ‘non-attendance’, which is what one student stated openly to LibĂ©ration journalists on November 12th 2007: "If there isn’t a blockade, there won’t be any movement. Otherwise grant-holding students just wouldn’t demonstrate."

We have heard many times over the odious accusations from respected university governors, broadcast across the media, calling the students who participate in the struggle ‘Khmers Rouges’ and ‘delinquents’ The bourgeoisie may spit venom, but behind the blockades, there wasn’t a powerful minority trying to impose its views (physical force, moreover, lay more with the governors, as is clear from the number of injuries suffered following the CRS incursions) or to imprison students in ‘their’ colleges. Quite the opposite; the students demonstrated a clear and collective desire for the struggle to broaden out by calling for as wide and lively a discussion as possible. Hence, much more than the blockades themselves, the attitude behind them is what provided the movement against the CPE in particular with all its vitality and its strength. As we have already written in May 2006 in our ‘Theses on the students’ movement’: "the strike in the universities began with blockades. The blockades enabled the most conscious and combative students to show their determination and above all to attract large numbers of their comrades to the general assemblies where a considerable number who hadn’t understood the significance of the government’s attacks or the need to fight back were convinced by the arguments in the debates."

The extension of its struggle is vital for the working class

The power of the working class is exposed to the broad light of day when it develops a clear sense of its unity and solidarity. This is why all struggles must be animated by a concern for extension to other workers. After a long struggle in 2006 and 2007, the workers in the big spinning and weaving factory complex, Mahalla al-Kubra’s Misr, situated in the north of Cairo, Egypt, finally succeeded in achieving a victory. An episode from this struggle shows clearly the workers occupying their factory to protect themselves from the fierce repression of the Egyptian state.

On 7 December 2006, 3000 women workers, protesting at the non-payment of the bonuses they’d been promised, crossed the factory to their male colleagues who still had their machines running. The women were singing out loud: "Where have all the men gone? There are only women here". Little by little, 10,000 workers started assembling in the Mahalla’s Tal‘at Harb Square located right outside the entrance to the factory. The Egyptian bourgeoisie didn’t lose any time: anti-riot police were quickly deployed around the factory and in the town. Facing the threat of repression, small groups of strikers decided to occupy the factory. 70 workers could have been trapped. Confident in what it was doing, the state decided to place the anti-riot police outside the gates that same night. With 70 against the whole police pack, there could only be one winner. But these workers knew that they weren’t really on their own. They started a loud banging on the steel barriers.

"We woke up everyone in the company and town. Our mobile phones ran out of credit as we were calling our families and friends outside, asking them to open their windows and let security know they were watching. We called all the workers we knew to tell them to hurry up to the factory…

The children from the junior schools and the students from the senior schools close by take to the streets in support of the strikers. The security forces were paralysed. Finally, after the factory had been occupied for 4 days, the government officials panicked; a bonus of 45 days pay was offered and assurances given that the company would not be privatised." (See http://en.internationalism.org/wr/304/egypt-germs-of-mass-strike)

So, by deciding to occupy their workplace, these 70 workers could have been expected to feel themselves cornered and at the mercy of the security forces. However, this handful of workers who had locked themselves inside the factory did not attempt to make this a siege, fighting alone against the odds and with no chance of winning. Just the opposite, they used the occupation as a rallying point, calling on their class brothers to join them in the fight. Several weeks of struggle demonstrated that class solidarity was being built little by little, that links were being established and that they would therefore be able to rely on the support of 20,000 fellow workers. Having built up this confidence, the workers were bold enough to call to all the workers they knew "to tell them to come to the factory straight away". The factory occupation was only one of the means of carrying out the struggle; it was the general dynamic towards the extension of the struggle that was the decisive element.

Isolation is always a death trap
No method of struggle in itself is a panacea. Blockades and occupations can be quite unsuitable, depending on the circumstances. Worse than that! When they are under the control of the unions, they are always used to divide the workers and to lead them to defeat. The strike of the miners in Great Britain in 1984 is one tragic illustration of this.
At this time, the oldest proletariat in the world was still one of the most militant. For many a year it had a record number of strike days. On two of these occasions, the state was forced to withdraw its attacks. In 1972 and in 1974, the miners had actually created a balance of forces in which the working class had the upper hand, departing from the logic of sectoralism and corporatism and instilling the strike with the dynamic of extension. In small groups or in hundreds, they drove to ports, to steelworks, to coal depots, to company headquarters, to erect a blockade or to convince the workers they met to join in the struggle. This method of struggle would be famously described as ‘flying pickets’ and symbolised the strength of workers’ solidarity and unity. Hence, the miners were able to paralyse the whole economy, bringing production, distribution and the burning of coal, the most common source of energy in the factories at the time, to a near total halt.

After coming into government in 1979, Thatcher was determined to inflict defeat on a working class she considered too combative for her liking. The plan for doing that was simple: it would entail isolating the miners in a long, drawn-out strike. Over several months the British bourgeoisie prepared for battle. Stocks of coal were built up to prevent shortages. In her memoirs, Thatcher states "It was the responsibility of Nigel Lawson, who was made Energy Minister in September 1981, to - continually and without any provocation - build up the coal stocks that would allow the country to hold out. We would be hearing the words ‘hold out’ a lot in the following months." When things were finally ready, the brutal announcement of 20,000 redundancies in the coal industry was made in March 1994. As expected, the miners’ reaction was electric; from the first day of the strike, 100 pits out of 184 stopped working. The unions immediately erected a ring of steel around the strikers. This strategy aimed to prevent any risk of ‘contamination’. The rail unions and seamen’s’ unions platonically declared support for the strikers, but otherwise the miners were left to cope alone. The powerful dockers’ union settled for calling strikes, but at a later date, one for July when some pits were closed because of holidays, and the other in the autumn which was then cancelled only a few days later! The TUC refused to support the strike at all. The electricians’ union and the steelworkers’ union came out against the strike. In short, the unions actively sabotaged every possibility of a joint struggle. But it was the miners’ union (NUM) in particular that rounded off this dirty work by keeping the miners locked up in sterile and interminable blockades of the coalmines and coal depots (for over a year!). Having amassed large stocks of coal, the bourgeoisie didn’t need to worry that production would become paralysed. It would only worry if there were an extension of the struggle to different sectors of the working class. It was necessary at all costs to avoid the miners deploying flying pickets everywhere to discuss and convince the workers from other sectors to join them in the struggle. The NUM uses all its energy to contain the strike in the mining sector. To avoid flying pickets being sent to the gates of the neighbouring factories, the mineworker’s energies were directed towards blockading the pits and the coal depots. With the heavy policing put in place, the NUM was able to lead the miners into set pitched battles and violent confrontations with the armies of well-equipped police, and the biased media reporting meant that this becomes both an obstacle to and further distraction from the need to extend the struggle to the other sectors.
The NUM took great care to avoid calling a national strike, giving each region the chance to decide whether to join the struggle or not. Some pits continued working and were surrounded by cordons of police. The same NUM branded these working pits ‘the haunt of the scabs’. From March 1984 to March 1985, for a whole year, the life of thousands of mineworkers and their families was going to revolve around the single question of blockading ‘their own’ pits, the coal depots and those pits that continue working. Blocking coal production and distribution became the one and only goal, a single-issue campaign for the union leadership. The flying pickets had their wings clipped; instead of ‘flying’ factory to factory, they were rooted to the same spot, outside the same pits and depots, day after day, week after week, then month after month. The only outcome is worsening tensions between strikers and non-strikers: sometimes fights erupted among the miners.

This time the miners were isolated from their class and divided amongst themselves and they became an easy prey. Thanks to the union sabotage, to the sterile and interminable blockades, to the grounding of the flying pickets, police repression could be stepped up. The balance sheet of the miners’ strike of 1984/5: 7,000 injured, 11,291 arrested and 8,392 put on trial. Much more seriously, this defeat would be inflicted on the whole working class. The Thatcher government was able to enforce a whole series of attacks in every sector.

In conclusion
There are evidently no simple recipes for the class struggle. Every method of struggle (blockades, pickets, occupations) can sometimes be useful for the struggles, and sometimes a cause of division. One thing is certain, the strength of the working class lies in its capacity for unity and in its capacity to develop solidarity and hence to extend its struggle to every sector. It is this dynamic of extension of the struggle alone that terrifies the bourgeoisie and allows us to draw out, in broad terms, essential lessons from the experiences of the proletariat’s struggles:

- pickets or occupations should never be the source of any closing off or retreat of the struggle, on the contrary, they are a tool for its extension;

- in order to be able to extend, opening out is vital. An occupied factory must be a place where workers from other sectors, retired workers, unemployed workers… can come to discuss and participate in the struggle. The pickets, themselves, must create the opportunities for discussing and convincing non-strikers to join the struggle. Flying pickets must focus primarily on the idea of extending the struggle to all sectors.

- it’s not possible to use every kind of action at every moment. Especially when a struggle isn’t extending and is stagnating, clearly facing a retreat, it is almost always pointless if the most combative and determined individuals try to stretch themselves to the limits of their endurance (physical and moral) with somewhat desperate occupations and blockades. What counts in this situation is to prepare the new struggles that lie ahead.

- finally, when they use the actions of blockading, picketing and occupation, the unions are aiming to divide and isolate. Only by workers taking the struggle into their own hands can the struggle and solidarity develop!

Be that as it may, if we look beyond the role that occupying a factory or a picket line can play at any particular moment of a strike, it is in the street where the workers can assemble together en masse. It isn’t for nothing that in May 2006, the steelworkers of Vigo, in Spain, who were occupying their factory and facing up to violent police repression, decided to organise their general assemblies and demonstrations in the streets in the town centre. Here, in the street, the workers of every sector, the retired workers, the unemployed workers, the workers’ families… were all able to join the strikers and actively demonstrate their class solidarity with the struggle.

Pawel (24 January 2008)

 

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(1) This law aims to reduce the cost to the state of higher education by concentrating its ‘financial effort’ on some elite colleges, hence making the other universities under-resourced and unpopular.

January 22, 2008

Capitalism has no solution to the agrarian problem in the Philippines

WALANG SOLUSYON ANG KAPITALISMO SA PROBLEMANG AGRARYO SA BANSA

Sa paggunita sa ika-21 taong anibersaryo ng Mendiola masaker libu-libong magsasaka mula sa iba’t-ibang probinsya ng Luzon ang nagmartsa (Lakbayan) patungong Maynila para iggiit una sa lahat ang pagpapatupad ng “tunay na repormang agraryo”. Nauna na dito noong huling bahagi ng nakaraang taon ay nagmartsa ang mga magsasaka sa Sumilao, Bukidnon mula sa kanilang pinanggalingan patungong Maynila din. Magkaibang pampulitikang grupo at oryentasyon man ang kumokontrol sa mga magsasaka, iisa lamang ang kanilang isinisigaw: REPORMANG AGRARYO.

Walang duda na pinagsamantalahan ang masang magsasaka mula pa noong kolonyalismong Espanyol hanggang ngayon. Higit limang siglo na ang pagdurusa ng mga ito sa bulok na sistema ng lipunan.

Subalit MALI kung iisipin na walang nagbago sa bulok na sistema sa loob ng mahigit 500 taon at batay dito wala ding nagbago sa laman ng pakikibaka ng masang magsasaka para sila ay lumaya mula sa pagsasamantala at pang-aapi.

Kahilingan sa pag-aari ng lupang mabubungkal: Noon at Ngayon

 “Lupa sa nagbubungkal”. Ito ang sentro ng kahilingan ng mga magsasaka sa kasalukuyan. Ito ang sentrong kahilingan ng mga gerilya sa kabundukan. Ito din ang kahilingan ng mga repormista sa kalungsuran.

Sa panahon ng pyudalismo (kung saan ang naghaharing uri ay ang mga panginoong maylupa at kasama na dito ang Simbahan), itinali ang mga magsasaka sa lupa. May mga batas ang pyudal na estado na nagpaparusa sa mga magsasakang aalis sa lupa na walang pahintulot ng kanilang mga panginoon. Sa pangkalahatan, ito ang kalakaran ng mga kolonyalistang Kastila at ng Simbahan sa bansa sa loob ng 300 taon. Pinipilit ang mga aliping magsasaka na magbungkal para sa pangangailangan ng pyudal na kaayusan.

Simula ika-16 siglo nasa yugto na ng pabulusok-pababa ang pandaigdigang pyudal na sistema habang naging mas agresibo ang lumalakas na progresibo at rebolusyonaryong uri (na nagdadala ng bago at mas maunlad na moda ng produksyon) laban sa pyudal na kaayusan. Ang uring ito ay ang uring kapitalista (hindi ang uring magsasaka) na noon ay hindi pa naghaharing uri kundi ginigipit na uri ng naghaharing pyudal na mga panginoong maylupa.

Nang sakupin ng Espanya ang Pilipinas sa kalagitnaan ng 1500s, humihinang pyudal na kapangyarihan na ito sa pandaigdigang saklaw. Katunayan, binabayo na ng mga pakikibaka ng Kastilang burgesya ang pyudal na monarkiya sa loob mismo ng Espanya. Sa 1880s bago pa man naitayo ang Katipunan ni Andres Bonifacio sa 1896 ay naagaw na ng Kastilang burges ang kapangyarihan sa Espanya.

Gayong makauring interes ng magsasaka na makalaya sa pang-aalipin ng lupa, mas interesado ang burgesya dito dahil sa pamamagitan lamang ng paglaya ng mga magsasaka sa lupa ay matransporma sila bilang mga sahurang-alipin ng kapital, ang bago at mas maunlad na sistema ng produksyon. Samakatuwid, ang kahilingang anti-pyudal ng mga magsasaka ay isang burges na kahilingan.

Subalit, kailangang mailinaw na ang pyudal at kapitalistang mga sistema ay parehong mapagsamantalang sistema. Bagama’t may katangiang progresibo at rebolusyonaryo ang uring kapitalista laban sa pyudalismo, ang una ay isa ding mapagsamantalang uri. Sa sistemang kapitalista, naranasan ng lipunan ang bangis ng pagsasamantala ng uring ito para sa tubo.    

Ang kahilingang “lupa sa nagbubungkal” ay kahilingan ng mga peti-burges na magsasaka na nagmamay-ari ng maliliit na parsela ng lupa. Ang uring ito ay ginigipit kapwa ng pyudal na panginoong maylupa para sa kanilang luho at ng burgesya para lubusan silang maalis sa lupa at maging mga sahurang-alipin ng kapital. Ang peti-burgesya sa kanayunan ay isang desperadong uri na walang kinabukasan: Sa ilalim ng pyudal na kaayusan ay nanganganib sila na maging ‘kasama’ (tenant) ng panginoong maylupa. Sa ilalim ng kapitalistang kaayusan ay nasa bingit sila na maging manggagawa. Kinasusuklaman ng uring ito ang pagiging maralitang magsasaka at ang pagiging manggagawa.

Ang mga walang lupa ay matagal ng naging manggagawa. Katunayan, ang mga maralitang magsasaka sa kanayunan ang mga ninuno ng mga manggagawa sa kalungsuran. Kahit sa kasalukuyan, parami ng parami ang mga maralitang magsasaka na naging sahurang manggagawa sa nayon man o sa lungsod.

Subalit mahigit 100 taon ng pormal na nadurog ang pyudal na kaayusan sa bansa. Mahigit 100 taon ng naghari ang uring kapitalista sa bansa. Mahigit 100 taon ng kapitalismo ang sistema ng Pilipinas. Kung ikumpara sa antas ng pandaigdigang kapitalismo ay isang atrasadong kapitalistang bansa ang Pilipinas, hindi pa rin nito maaring itago ang realidad na ito ay isang kapitalistang bansa. Ang pagiging atrasado ng Pilipinas ay hindi pa dahil pyudal pa rin hanggang ngayon ang kanayunan kundi dahil wala ng kapasidad ang pandaigdigang kapitalismo na nasa yugto na rin ng kanyang pagbulusok-pababa mula ng pumutok ang unang imperyalistang digmaang pandaigdig noong 1914 na paunlarin pa ang kapitalismo ng bansa.

Ang kaaway ng mga manggagawang bukid at peti-burges sa kanayunan sa kasalukuyan ay hindi na ang mga tradisyunal na panginoong maylupa tulad noong unang panahon kundi mga kapitalistang panginoong maylupa na. Ang relasyon ng produksyon na nagsasamantala sa malawak na masa sa kanayunan ay hindi pyudal kundi kapitalista na. Ang estadong nagtatanggol sa mga modernong panginoong maylupa ay hindi pyudal na estado kundi ng mga kapitalista na.

Subalit pundamental na magkaiba ang interes ng mga manggagawang bukid at peti-burges sa kanayunan kung bakit nila nilalabanan ang mga kapitalistang panginoong maylupa. Ang una ay bilang manggagawa habang ang huli ay dahil ayaw nilang maging manggagawa. Ang una ay nais lumaya sa kapitalistang pagsasamantala habang ang huli ay nag-iilusyon pa rin na maging isang indepenyenteng kapitalistang magsasaka.

May pag-asa pa ba ang “lupa sa nagbubungkal” sa kasalukuyang antas ng krisis ng pandaigdigang sistema?

Malaki na ang pinag-iba ngayon kaysa noon. Maging ang mga tradisyunal na panginoong maylupa ay dumaan sa proseso ng “transpormasyon”. Karamihan sa kanila ay naging mga kapitalista gamit ang mga produkto sa lupa. Isang halimbawa dito ay ang pamilyang Cojuangco. Ang Hacienda Luisita ay isang kapitalistang sakahan. Kinamkam ng korporasyong San Miguel ang kalupaan sa Sumilao para sa tubo. Pinasok ng korporasyong Ayala ang mga sakahan sa Davao para sa negosyo ng saging. Sa madaling sabi, ang usapin ng monopolyo sa lupa sa kasalukuyan ay usapin ng monopolyo ng mga kapitalista (indibidwal o korporasyon) sa lupa.

Sa ilalim ng kapitalistang kaayusan, hindi imposible na pangunahan ng naghaharing uri ang kampanyang “lupa sa nagbubungkal”. Katunayan, pinangunahan ni Cory Aquino (mula sa pamilya ng malalaking kapitalistang panginoong maylupa) noong huling bahagi ng 1980s ang kampanyang “comprehensive agrarian reform program”. Pero mas interesado ang burgesya na patindihin ang pagsasamantala sa magsasaka para sa tubo.

Ang interes ng mga peti-burges na magsasaka ay maging “independent producers”. Kaya ba itong ibigay ng kapitalismo? May kapasidad ba ang kapital na muling buhayin ang tipong artisano na pagbubungkal ng lupa gaya noong nasa kasagsagan pa ang pag-unlad ng pyudalismo bago ang 1500s?

Gustuhin man ito ng naghaharing uri ay hindi na maaring ibigay ng isang sistemang naghihingalo na sa permanenteng krisis. Ang kapalpakan ng CARP ay patunay nito.

Ang kapalpakan ng CARP ay wala sa kanyang pagiging inutil sa “pagbibigay” ng lupa dahil sa kawalan ng pondo (ang katotohanan ay binabayaran ito ng magsasaka ng hulugan sa gobyerno) kundi dahil napilitan na ibenta ng magsasaka ang kanyang naangking lupa dahil sa pagkalugi. Kundi man binebenta ng magsasaka ay naobliga itong magbubungkal ng kanyang lupa para sa malalaking korporasyon – growers – na laganap sa Mindanao. Libu-libong growers ang kontrolado ng mga korporasyong Dole Philippines, Del Monte Philippines at Ayala. Maging ang mga kooperatibang pansakahan ay naging growers na din. Dagdag pa, pinapaboran ng kapitalistang estado ang land conversion na siyang interes ng malalaking kapitalista para sa tubo dahil ang estado mismo ay walang pera at lubog pa sa utang.

Hindi rin maglalaho ang pagsasamantala sa mga magbubukid sa kung sakaling ipamigay ng estado ng libre ang lupa sa mga magsasaka. Ito ang laman ng programang “rebolusyonaryong agraryo” ng CPP-NPA. Sa kalagayang maka-hayop ang kompetisyon ng bawat kapitalista at bawat bansa para sa makipot na pamilihan, hindi lang simpleng pag-aari ng lupa ang problema ng mga magsasaka. Higit pa dito ay ang problema ng kapital para sa kanyang parsela ng lupa. Ang indibidwal na pagbubungkal ng lupa sa ilalim ng kapitalismo ay mahuhulog lamang sa pagkabangkarota kung kapos sa kapital. Kaya nawawalan din ng saysay ang interes ng peti-burgesya na “independent producers” dahil sa malao’t madali ay kukunin ito ng “estado ng bayan” sa ilalim ng kampanyang nasyunalisasyon sa lupa para diumano sa kolektibisasyon at modernisasyon. Sa huli, nagiging mga manggagawa ang mga magsasaka sa dati sarili nitong lupa na pag-aari na ng estado o kooperatiba o kaya ay lumayas sa kanayunan para maging manggagawa sa malalaking industriya sa kalungsuran na pag-aari pa rin ng gobyerno. Ang modelo ng “rebolusyong agraryo” sa China, Vietnam, North Korea ang halimbawa kung paanong nagpalit anyo lamang ang mga kapitalistang nagmamay-ari ng lupa. Mula sa indibidwal na mga kapitalista, ang lupa ay napunta sa estadong kapitalista. AT NARITO ANG PINAKAMALAKING KASINUNGALINGAN NG MGA BANSANG ITO: NILILINLANG NILA ANG MGA MANGGAGAWA AT MAGSASAKA SA PAGSASABING ANG GINAGAWA NILA AY SOSYALISMO.

Ang dulo ng kahilingang “lupa sa nagbubungkal” sa ilalim ng kasalukuyang kaayusan ay maging sahurang alipin ang mga peti-burges na magsasaka o kaya ay mapilitang ganap na pumailalim sa pagsasamantala ng mga malalaking korporasyong kapitalista (lokal man o dayuhan). Ito ang tanging landas na tatahakin ng mga magsasaka sa ilalim ng kapitalistang sistema.

Pangkat man ni Gloria Arroyo, ng oposisyon, ng mga repormistang nasa loob ng mga non-government organizations at burges na kongreso, o maging ng mga armadong gerilya o rebeldeng militar ang nasa kapangyarihan HINDI nila masolusyonan ang pakikibaka ng mga magsasaka para lumaya sa kahirapan. Ang lahat ng mga grupong ito ay kumikilos sa ilalim ng balangkas ng mapagsamantalang mga relasyon sa produksyon na nasa permanenteng krisis na ngayon.

Kaya isang ganap na ilusyon ang hihilingin sa estado ang tunay na repormang agraryo dahil ang sistemang pinagtatanggol nito ay wala ng kapasidad para ibigay ang naturang kahilingan.Panlilinlang din ang pangako ng mga kaliwang grupo ng burgesya na kaya nilang ibigay ang kahilingang ito kung sila na ang nasa Malakanyang. 

Ang tunay na solusyon sa usaping agraryo: Ibagsak ang Kapitalismo
Ang nasa likod ng pakikibaka ng masang magsasaka para sa lupa ay panlipunang hustisya. Ang layunin ng kanilang mga sakripisyo sa pakikipaglaban ay ang mapalaya sila mula sa kahirapan na ilang siglo na nilang pinapasan.

Ang tunay na solusyon para sa panlipunang hustisya at paglaya ng mga magsasaka mula sa kahirapan ay wala sa loob ng balangkas ng kapitalistang sistema anuman ang anyo nito – indibidwal o pag-aari ng estado – at anuman ang porma ng paghari nito – demokratiko o diktadura ng burgesya. Kailangan munang wasakin ang kapitalistang mga relasyon sa produksyon bago lilitaw ang mga kondisyon para sa kalayaan sa kahirapan.

Ang uring magsasaka ay isang uri sa nakaraan. Hindi na maaring maibalik pa ang nakaraan kung saan may dignidad ang artisanong sakahan. Dinurog na ito ng kapitalismo sa Pilipinas 100 taon na ang nakaraan. Ang dapat harapin ng mga magsasaka ngayon ay ang interes ng kanilang uri sa hinaharap sa ilalim ng bulok na kaayusan. Ang pagiging sahurang alipin ang kinabukasan ng mga magsasaka sa ilalim ng nabubulok na sistema ng bansa at ng buong daigdig.

Ang pagkamit ng panlipunang hustisya ay wala sa kamay ng uring magsasaka kundi nasa kamay ng uring papasukan nila – nasa uring manggagawa. Ang sahurang manggagawa sa kanayunan at kalungsuran ang TANGING REBOLUSYONARYONG URI sa kasalukuyan. Ang uring ito ang may istorikal na misyon para ibagsak ang kapitalismo dahil hindi ito lalaya kung hindi nito mapalaya ang buong lipunan mula sa sistema ng pagsasamantala at pang-aapi.

Pangalawa, ang usaping agraryo sa bansa ay hindi malulutas sa loob ng balangkas ng bansa. Malulutas lamang ito sa pandaigdigang balangkas – sa pagwasak sa kapitalismo sa pandaigdigang saklaw. Napakahalaga ang paglakas ng mga pakikibaka ng manggagawa sa buong mundo para masolusyonan ang problema sa lupa ng magsasakang Pilipino.

Hindi mananalo ang pakikibaka ng magsasaka kung hindi ito susuporta sa pakikibaka ng mga manggagawa para sa INTERNASYUNAL NA SOSYALISMO – isang pandaigdigang lipunan na wala ng mga uri at wala ng pagsasamantala. Walang panlipunang hustisya sa kahilingang “lupa sa nagbubungkal” sa ilalim ng kapitalismo. Ang panlipunang hustisya ay makakamit lamang sa SOSYALISASYON ng lupa at ang sosyalisasyon ay magiging realidad matapos madurog ang pandaigdigang kapital sa pamamagitan ng INTERNASYUNAL NA REBOLUSYON NG MGA MANGGAGAWA.  

Ang tagumpay ng pakikibaka ng magsasaka para sa panlipunang hustisya ay nakasalalay sa tagumpay ng uring manggagawa na ibagsak ang kapitalismo.

Benjie, 01/22/08

November 6, 2007

Internationalist Debate

Internationalist debate in the Dominican Republic

We recently held two conferences in two of the country’s universities, Santiago de los Caballeros (the second-largest city in the country) and Santo Domingo (the capital city), on the theme ‘Socialism and the Decadence of Capitalism’. These debates were made possible by the efforts of an internationalist discussion group. We are sincerely grateful for the work they performed. There was nothing academic about these meetings. Just as during a similar conference held in a Brazilian university , participants expressed concerns about the future that capitalism offers, about the way to struggle for a new society that can overcome the contradictions of the present system, about the social forces capable of bringing about this change…

These debates represent a moment in the efforts being made by proletarian minorities to develop class consciousness. The international dimension of these efforts is indisputable. The publishing of a summary of these discussions has two objectives: to participate in the development of an international debate, and to help to move these discussions which have developed in one country towards the only potentially fruitful framework: the international and internationalist framework.

Following our presentation, many questions were asked, some of which evoked lively discussions. In the following summary we have organised the discussions thematically and in a question-and-answer format.

There were several revolutions in the 20th century. You condemn all of them nonetheless, except the Russian Revolution, which you qualify as a failure. You are unfair towards the efforts of peoples struggling for their liberation.

The issue is not denigrating the struggles of the oppressed and exploited classes, but understanding what revolution is truly on the agenda since the beginning of the 20th century. According to this point of view, a fundamental change occurred with the explosion of the First World War. That war, unprecedented until then in its barbarity, showed the world that capitalism had become a decadent social system that could offer nothing to humanity but war, famine, destruction and misery. It brought to a close the period of bourgeois revolutions - of popular democratic, reformist and national revolutions. Those movements became simple resurfacings of the facade of the state. Since that war, the only revolution capable of bringing progress to humanity is the proletarian revolution whose aim is to establish a communist world. The Russian Revolution in 1917 and the whole revolutionary wave that followed it expressed this new state of affairs. The first congress of the Communist International in March of 1919 thus affirmed: "A new epoch has been born. Ours is the epoch of the breakdown of capital, its internal disintegration, the epoch of the communist revolution of the proletariat".

Why do you insist on the dogma of a world revolution, and why do you reject gradual improvements thorough national revolutions?

The bourgeois revolutions had a national character and could survive for long periods of time within national borders. This is how the English Revolution triumphed in the 1640s and survived in a feudal world until the bourgeois revolutions of the late 18th century. The proletarian revolution will either be global or it won’t be. First of all because production today is global. But also because capitalism has created a global market, and the laws of this market, the problems engendered by capitalism, have a global character and can only be resolved through the unified struggle of the entire global proletariat.

What is your position on Trotsky and Trotskyism?

Trotsky was a life-long revolutionary militant. He played a very important role during the Russian Revolution of 1917. He also struggled against the degeneration of the Russian Revolution by defending internationalist positions. He was the principal animator of the Left Opposition, which led a heroic struggle against the Stalinist counter-revolution in Russia and within the Communist parties of the world. However, Trotsky and the Left Opposition never understood the nature of the USSR, considering it to be a bureaucratically deformed workers’ state that nonetheless needed to be defended. The consequences of that error were tragic. After his cowardly murder by Stalin’s assassin Ramon Mercader, those who claimed to be his heirs called for participating in the Second World War and became a political current that always defends, ‘critically’ of course, and using a radical lingo, the same postulates as the Stalinists and social-democrats.

You are unfair towards Chavez, but worse still: you ignore the revolutionary process inspired by Chavez, that is developing all over Latin America and putting the region into a revolutionary fervour.

The Chavism/anti-Chavism choice is a trap, as was demonstrated recently by the student mobilisations in Venezuela that are trying to free themselves from this sterile and destructive polarisation between Chavism and the Opposition.

Chavez supports the strengthening of state intervention in the economy as well as the concentration of powers into the hands of a single person (the constitutional reform to permit his perpetual re-election). He launches ‘social’ programmes that may momentarily address the situation of some marginalised layers, but in reality reinforce the exploitation of workers and the impoverishment of the vast majority of the population. The function of such programmes is to make the population accept the most degrading poverty. We are talking about formulae that have been repeated throughout the 20th century, and have all been resounding failures. They didn’t change capitalism; they simply helped to maintain capitalism and to maintain the sufferings of the masses.

Chavez claims he’s "anti-imperialist" due to his vigorous opposition to the devil Bush. Chavez’s so-called anti-imperialism is nothing but a smoke-screen to cover his own imperialist designs. Workers and oppressed peoples cannot base their struggles on feelings of hatred or vengeance against an all-powerful empire like the United States, because these feelings are manipulated by the Latin American bourgeois fractions, be they government or opposition fractions, to make the people sacrifice for the interests of the rulers.

There is no national solution to the global crisis of capitalism. The solution can only be international and based on the international solidarity of the proletariat, through the development of its autonomous struggles.

Why do you only talk about workers and not about peasants and other layers?

Regardless of its numerical importance in each country, the working class is the only class whose interests are global. Its struggles as a class represent the interests and the future of all the exploited and oppressed. The working class tries to win over the peasants and the marginalised layers of the cities to its struggle. This doesn’t entail the formation of a front of social movements because the real interests, the authentic liberation of workers, peasants, and the marginalised people of the cities isn’t a sum of corporatist grievances, but the destruction of the yoke of wage slavery and the profit system.

Aren’t you falling into outmoded recipes? The working class no longer exists, and here in America, there are no factories left.

The working class has never been limited to industrial workers. What characterizes the working class is the social relation based on the exploitation of wage labour. The working class is not a sociological category. Industrial workers, farm workers, public employees, and ‘intellectual’ workers are part of the proletariat. We must not forget all the workers that have been thrown into unemployment or who are forced to survive by peddling on the streets.

Isn’t a change in mentality necessary if workers are to make the revolution?

Of course! The proletarian revolution isn’t simply the result of unavoidable objective factors; it bases itself on the conscious and collective action of the great masses of workers. In The German Ideology, Marx and Engels say that the revolution is not only necessary for the destruction of the State that oppresses the majority, but also for that majority to emancipate itself from the ideological rags that stick to its body. The proletarian revolution prepares itself with a gigantic transformation in the mentality of the masses. It is the product of the independent effort of the masses through struggles and through passionate debates. ICC 31/10/07

October 3, 2007

How could communist revolution win?

Filed under: Perspectives
How could communist revolution win?

Many sincere revolutionaries in the Philippines ask if there is still hope for the proletarian revolution. This question reflects their serious observations that the Left have MISTAKES in their ‘revolution’. Others have so much confident that their ideologies will certainly bring the working class to communism. Although they have different ideologies, they have common belief that ‘genuine’ bourgeois democracy and freedom and the state (‘workers’ state’ or ‘people’s state’) are the only way towards communism.

The proletariat has only two powerful weapons to overthrow capitalism and the state in the whole world: (1) class consciousness and (2) class solidarity in the international level.

 
These two powerful weapons must be firmly based on two fundamental principles: (1) internationalism and (2) independent working class movement.

These two fundamental principles sharpen the two weapons of the proletariat:

Internationalism. Workers have no country. Their class interests are not compatible with national interests. National interests are bourgeoisies’ interests. If in the 19th century there were cases that the proletariat supported the bourgeoisie in building new nations, it is only because that the latter then was a progressive class with its interest of complete annihilation of feudalism in any part of the globe, and most of all, capitalism was in its ascendant phase. This was changed fundamentally in the 20th century, with the explosion of the first imperialist war: capitalism entered in its decadent phase and all bourgeois factions became totally reactionary in all countries (backward or advance).

The principle of internationalism also mean that all class struggles are mainly founded on the international situation and served the advancement of world revolution not with any particular national situation or interests. Thus, internationalism is building a centralized international communist party.
Most of all, internationalism is the world socialist revolution. Socialism is international or its nothing.

Independent working class movement. In any situation or circumstances, workers movement must be independent with other class movements. Since the proletariat has the historical mission to abolish all forms of exploitation and oppression and it is the only revolutionary class in capitalist society, it is necessary that at all times its interests should prevail than the other classes. Even in the ascendant stage of capitalism, in the epoch that the bourgeois class was still progressive, the great communist leaders like Marx, Engels, Lenin, Luxemburg and others always reminded us that the workers movement must be independent.

The two weapons and two principles are also in recognition that the current objective conditions are: (1) capitalism is in its decadent epoch since 1914 and (2) the only proletarian program in the whole world, in each country is the communist revolution because the condition is ripe, it has material basis, it is a necessity and a possibility to be won. It means that the minimum program of a communist party and the proletarian movement is already obsolete because struggle for reforms is not possible in the epoch of capitalism’s decline. The only current program is the maximum program – the communist program.

But the dying capitalism will not give up. It will do all to prevent and divert the resurging international proletarian struggles against the rotten system and for communism. They made barricades with the help of all varieties of Leftism – Maoists, Stalinists, Trotskyists, ‘Leninists’ and Anarchists – attempting to fortify the barricades.

In order to advance the revolutionary movement and to win the communist revolution it is necessary that the proletariat destroy first the barricades using its weapons and fundamental Marxist principles. If the class can’t destroy them, decadent capitalism in its stage of decomposition will lead us to unprecedented barbarism and wars that possibly would completely ruin the planet. Thus, the working class has very heavy responsibilities to fulfill its historic mission.

The barricades that must be cast away and be destroyed by the working class are the mystifications and illusions that are poisoning its consciousness. These are the 5 types of mystifications and illusions preventing the advancement of the communist revolution:

Democracy and nationalism. Under decadent capitalism, whatever types of democracy (‘elitist democracy’, ‘direct democracy’, ‘participatory democracy’, ‘liberal democracy’ or ‘people’s democracy’) are bourgeois democracy. Democracy is only the other side of bourgeois dictatorship, while the other side of its face is ‘one-man rule’, fascist dictatorship or military dictatorship. Whatever type of nationalism – national democracy, patriotism, ‘anti-imperialism’, or ‘rights of nations for self-determination’ in the epoch of capitalist decadence, are absolutely part of imperialist antagonisms and wars. It is proven not only in theory but in practice of the last 70 years that all ‘national democratic revolutions’, ‘wars for national liberation’ are forms of imperialist wars and not the way toward socialism.

Parliamentarism. In the current epoch where the most powerful branch of the state is the executive not the parliaments of whatever type of bourgeois governments, any participation in parliament by the revolutionaries and the proletariat is a step backward not forward. Participation in parliament is completely opportunistic and reformist tactic despite the very radical language of those who participated in it. If in 19th century, in general, workers participation in parliaments using the tactic of ‘revolutionary parliamentarism’ was correct in order that the class could organized and strengthened itself, Marx and others always warn the dangers of participation in it. But in our epoch, this tactic of the past becomes a chains entangling the proletariat and bringing them to reformism. Participation in bourgeois parliament did not and will not weaken the state but instead it acted like sprinkling perfumes on a system in state of decomposition.

Unionism. All types of unions (Rightist or Leftist) are instruments of the state in the epoch of decadent capitalism. They are only bargaining the capitalists on how and what level the exploitation should be implemented upon the workers. Their mobilizations and radical languages are only to hide the truth that they are the state police inside the workplaces. If in 19th century unions were truly organizations of the proletariat, in the 20th century up to now they are the counter-revolutionary organs inside the workers movement.

United front or Frontism. It is a counter-revolutionary tactic doing alliances with a fraction of the bourgeois class at a time when the agenda is to destroy the state and the workers must seize political power. It would not strengthen the independent working class movement in whatever way but the opposite: the class enemy would only influence or control the proletarian movement. Whatever type of united front — in the name of anti-fascism, anti-dictatorship o anti-imperialist — to any fraction of the class enemy is a tactic for defeat.

‘Socialism in one country’ or ‘State socialism’. ‘Socialism in one country’ is treachery to the fundamental principle of Marxism – internationalism. This has no other meaning than dictatorship of the bourgeoisie in the name of the state under the facade of ‘socialism’. Socialism cannot be obtained through the state but on the contrary, the level of realization of socialism can be measure on the level of the withering away of the state and the abolition of all national boundaries. ‘State socialism’ is an attempt to save the rotten capitalist system. Socialism can only be achieved through the workers councils with centralized character internationally. While transitional states in the transition period are inevitable, they are not the means for the dictatorship of the working class but must be over them.

The organs of struggle under capitalist decadence are the workers assemblies and councils (where all ‘types’ of workers – regular, contractual, unionists, non-unionist, private or public), be it to resist the policies and abuses of the management in one factory and the state or for its revolutionary overthrow. These organs are independent and not controlled nor influenced by the unions or any bourgeois parties (Rightist or Leftist). They will appear in the midst of struggles and disappear in times of reflux. They will only become ‘permanent’ in times of revolutionary offensive and after the final overthrow of bourgeois rule. The only permanent organizations are the organizations of revolutionaries centralized in international level.

The nature of current struggles is inevitably political. It means that they are directly link in the question of seizing political power. Capitalist class or the state would temporarily retreat or stop their attacks if there is a threat that they would be overthrown by the proletariat. They would not retreat or stop if the seat of power is only threatened or seize by the other fraction of the class enemy.

In relation to this, workers struggles (defensive or offensive, economic or political) need to be generalize and centralize. In other words, they should be territorial in scope – town, city, province or higher level under the control of the workers councils. Factory or community level of struggles controlled by the unions or any permanent organizations is almost certain of defeat or would tend toward unfavorable compromises.

Workers assemblies and councils bring the workers and humanity to communism and not the state or the substitionism of the party. The role of the international communist party or the organizations of revolutionaries is to hasten the conditions that the class could develop its class consciousness to organized itself and hold in its own hands the direction of its struggles.

In summary, international proletarian revolution would only be victorious if the whole class completely understand (not only the revolutionaries) the lessons of more than 200 years of class struggles against capitalism. However, their understanding could only be hasten if the communist organizations would tirelessly explain to their class the historical lessons of class struggles; if the bogus communists and sham meaning of socialism and communism are finally exposed in front of the workers.

As Marxists, we know that the great communist leaders made mistakes in the past; mistakes that were made because of many limitations to understand the changes class struggles and objective conditions went through. However, it must be clear to the new generation of revolutionaries that there is complete difference between mistakes on the one hand and treachery and revisionism on the other. Lenin, Trotsky, Luxemburg, Gorter, Pannekoek, and others, despite of their mistakes remain genuine communist internationalists until they die. But the current Maoists, Trotskyists, instead of defending the revolutionary and communist positions of the latter, they went to the camp of the class enemy. The most important for the new generation of the proletariat is to understand their mistakes and in what historical context they made the mistakes, and most importantly how to avoid the mistakes in the past.

On the other hand, Mao and Stalin and their ideologies have nothing to do with Marxism and proletarian internationalism. From top to bottom they belong to the enemy camp. The Stalinists assertion that ‘Marxism-Leninism’ is the ‘ideology’ of the proletariat in the era of imperialism or the Maoists declaration that ‘Maoism’ is the ‘acme’ of ‘Marxism-Leninism’ in the current period are a great insult to Marxism and Lenin itself.

INTERNASYONALISMO, September 2007

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September 26, 2007

Is Communism a Utopia?

WR Day of Study: Presentations and Discussions

Earlier in the summer World Revolution held a ‘Day of Study’ where we discussed in depth two questions: ‘Is communism a Utopia?’ and ‘Is socialism possible through the state?’. A brief summary of the event has already been published in WR307. Here we are publishing the full presentations to both sessions and more detailed reports of the discussions that followed them.

Presentation to the morning session: Communism is not a utopia

Convincing workers that capitalism is in their best interest is not the central purpose of most ruling class ideology. With rare historical exceptions, workers find the prosaic reality of capitalism with its exploitation and dehumanisation too obvious in their daily lives to ever be truly convinced of this. Instead, bourgeois ideology focuses on making their system, however imperfect, seem to be the only possible one. All others are presented as either being even worse or hopelessly "utopian". Winston Churchill’s famous aphorism, "it has been said that democracy is the worst form of government except all the others that have been tried" could be said to sum up this main thrust of bourgeois ideology.

History, we are told, is littered with the failures of those who want to establish ‘heaven on earth’. Such people are either good-intentioned but touchingly-naïve fools who want to deny ‘human nature’ or dangerous fanatics who will shrink from no atrocity in their efforts to bring about their ‘paradise’.

Communism and ‘Human Nature’

Humans, we are told, are simply imperfect creatures. We lie, cheat, steal, exploit our brothers and sisters, fight horrendous wars, and kick the neighbour’s puppy for no good reason other than that we can. A society based on a view of human nature that denies these facts is simply a non-starter.

For communists, however, there is another fundamental side to human nature. The human species is a social one at root and branch and every activity we carry out has a social dimension. Ties of solidarity bind us together at multiple levels and affect us at the deepest levels of our psyche. Without the company of our fellow human beings we quickly deteriorate psychologically and loneliness (that is, a lack of satisfying emotional relationships) has as much a detrimental effect on human happiness as poverty and deprivation. In the most profound sense, an isolated human being is actually something less than human: a man alone is not a man.

Nonetheless, it cannot be denied that the relations of exploitation that arose with class stratification distort this social nature. The presence of an exploiting class that is driven to maintain its rule through oppression undermines the relations of solidarity upon which all societies depend. The exploited suffer under the whip of the taskmaster, while the exploiters are tormented by repressed guilt at their position in society. A class society cannot, by definition, truly satisfy the needs, material or psychological, of its members.

These contradictions express themselves in both the material and ideological arena and are internalised within the psychic composition of each member of society. The anti-social behaviour of some elements represents the working out of these contradictions in practical form. Whether a thief steals to feed his starving family or through some perverse inner compulsion, the root of this behaviour is found within the fault-lines of class society and the psychological torment inflicted upon its members.

Human beings have lived with class society for a long time and the scars of this social development are now so deeply rooted that it must seem to many to be a part of human nature. But we must never forget that class society itself is relatively recent in humanity’s evolutionary history.

The majority of our species history was spent living in communal relationships without exploitation and without a state. Despite their limited scope, the very existence of the prehistoric societies demonstrates that exploitation is not an inevitable consequence of human nature. The dim memory and yearning for this way of life and attendant psychological wholeness is found, albeit highly mythologized, in many of the creation myths of ancient religions. From the Golden Age of Greek Mythology to the idyllic hunter-gatherer state of Adam and Eve in the Judeo-Christian canon, humanity has ever looked back to its communist origins. These origins, moreover, are seen as the ‘natural state’ of humanity before it ‘fell from grace’, something to be valued and cherished. In these ancient myths, which represent the earliest dawning of consciousness, it is in fact class society that is unnatural, so much so that its appearance has to be explained by the action of cosmic forces dwarfing humanity!

Even as the grip of class society tightened upon humanity, communism has never lost its fascination. In every age, in every society the exploited masses have longed for the return of this halcyon period. As an example, for the early Christians, it wasn’t simply enough to wait passively until Christ re-established Eden - their communities attempted to express this perceived truth in practical form, by holding all things in common. This radical current is to be found throughout the history of Christianity as well as other religions which, despite its alienated and idealised form, expresses a counterpoint to all those who point to history’s tragic procession of wars and massacres.

And paradoxically, even the phenomenon of war itself expresses the contradictions of human nature in class society - this slaughter of thousands, even millions of fellow human beings is accompanied by deep expressions of bravery, solidarity and compassion.

The view of ‘human nature’ appealed to by the bourgeoisie is thus a distorted one that, while containing elements of truth, ignores the full import of human thought and behaviour throughout history. To say it is ‘human nature’ to exploit others is, in the sweep of history, no more profound an observation than saying it is ‘human nature’ to live peaceably. Both can be true in certain circumstances.

Decadent Capitalism: The Living Negation of Humanity

What, then, are the circumstances facing humanity today? What is their import for the communist project?

In 1914, the clearest revolutionary currents considered that capitalism had exhausted its capacity for improving human society. Although capitalism had always been a society based on exploitation and inflicted a new level of alienation upon human society, it was still able, initially at least, to play a progressive role for humanity.

Its earliest stirrings were accompanied by a tremendous advancement in the areas of philosophy, allowing society to begin to criticise the religious and superstitious modes of thought that had now become a fetter on the development of human thought. Science also took dramatic leaps forwards while the toiling masses were mobilised by radical ideas of democracy and freedom. Despite the new exploitation, the living standards of those incorporated into the new system slowly began to rise, albeit as much as the result of ferocious class struggle as any natural inclination on the part of capitalism or its new ruling class.

Signs that this progress was beginning to come to end, at least in Europe, were appearing as early as 1870 but capitalism still had tremendous fields for advancement in the New World and elsewhere. Advancement in many fields, especially science and the economy, in fact continued to accelerate although at the cultural level, signs of decline were beginning to appear. Tens